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Background: Adolescents in India contribute to 22% of the country’s population and are susceptible to various preventable and treatable health issues. Objectives: To estimate the burden and to describe the pattern of gynaecological disorders among adolescent girls attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of a private medical college hospital in South India. Materials and methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional analytical study done among 500 adolescent girls of 10-19 years age group in a private medical college hospital in South India during December 2020 to December 2021 using a pretested questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23. Chisquare test or Fischer exact test was done to find the association between categorical variables. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the difference between means. P value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant for all comparisons. Results: Mean age of study population was 15.94 ± 2.52 years. Menstrual abnormalities reported in 303 (60.6%) girls followed by 240 (48%) girls had leucorrhoea, 68 (13.6%) had urinary tract infection and 54(10.8%) had PCOS. Conclusion: There is a high burden of gynaecological disorders and lack of awareness on various components of adolescent reproductive and sexual health among adolescents.
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A 15-month-old child was brought to the ophthalmology outpatient department with his parents complaining of a large mass located on the nasal side of his right eye since birth. On examination, an irregular mass was seen to be located on the nasal side of his right orbit, obscuring the visual axis. On a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan, a heterogenous lesion was seen to be located on the bridge of the nose and the medial aspect of the right orbit without any bony defect or communication with the brain or sinuses. In view of the possibility of developing amblyopia, the lesion was surgically removed. On histopathological examination, a diagnosis of extranasal glial heterotopia was made. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest extranasal glial heterotopia in the orbit to be ever reported.
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Background: A high prevalence of cardiac failure has been reported in diabetes mellitus. Worldwide, this represents a major burden to the health care systems. The association of cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus emphasizes the need for a screening test like echocardiography to gain knowledge about the cardiac status in diabetic patients. Materials and methods: The present study conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 months was designed to determine the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and also to assess the risk factors contributing to its cardiovascular complications. A total of 120 patients of both sexes with type 2 diabetes mellitus of any duration were included in the study. Echocardiography was used to investigate for diastolic dysfunction. T. K. V. Sharavanan, K. B. Prasanna, S. Ekanthalingam, A. Sundaram, E. Premalatha, Balaji Arumugam. A study on the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital. IAIM, 2016; 3(7): 216-221. Page 217 Results: A total of 66 diabetic patients were detected with diastolic dysfunction among the 120 subjects under study. Highest prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was observed in the female population and in the individuals belonging to the age group of more than 45 years. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the glycosylated hemoglobin and diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients with a P-value of 0.001. Conclusion: Cardio vascular disorders accounts for major morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus, which may predispose to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy leading to congestive cardiac failure. Prompt diagnosis and treatment prevents the progression of heart failure in insulin resistance